Since oil was found in industrial portions in Nigeria in 1958, hundreds of oil spill incidents have occurred.
Within the oil-rich Niger Delta area of southern Nigeria, the persons are apprehensive concerning the well being and environmental impacts of the crude oil spills which were taking place since oil was found there in 1958.
The epicentre of this has been Ogoniland, 261 communities unfold over almost 1,000sq km (385sq miles).
Between 1976 and 1991, greater than two million barrels of oil polluted Ogoniland in 2,976 separate oil spills as Nigeria turned one of many world’s largest oil producers.
In 2020 and 2021, Nigeria’s Nationwide Oil Spill Detection and Response Company (NOSDRA) recorded 822 mixed oil spills, totalling 28,003 barrels of oil spewed into the atmosphere.
Those that depend upon farming and fishing have felt a direct influence on their livelihoods and residents have reported myriad well being points.
Life expectancy within the Niger Delta is 41 years, 10 years decrease than the nationwide common.
Under is a timeline of oil spills and associated exercise in Ogoniland, from 1958 thus far.
1958
Oil is found in industrial amount in Ogoniland. Shell commences operations.
1970
An oil spill, presumably the primary documented one, happens within the Boobanabe group on account of a fireplace at Shell’s Bomu oil nicely.
1990
Ogoni leaders, together with environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, type the Motion for the Survival of the Ogoni Individuals (MOSOP), a non-partisan organisation to cease the exploitation of the Ogoni by oil firms and the federal government.
1993
Because of growing native and worldwide protests, Shell suspends manufacturing in Ogoniland. It hasn’t pumped oil from most of its wells since, however its pipelines nonetheless run by way of Ogoniland, leaking oil.
January 4, 1993
About 300,000 Ogoni individuals protest peacefully in opposition to Shell and oil air pollution. Later that yr, Shell requests navy assist to construct a pipeline by way of Ogoniland.
November 10, 1995
Regardless of worldwide appeals for clemency, Nigeria’s navy authorities executes Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight different Ogoni human rights activists on costs of homicide of 4 Ogoni elders.
April 26, 2001
A spill happens within the Yorla group that lasts until Might 7, 2001. It triggers a fireplace that consumes crops of economic meals and medicinal herbs.
February 2003
An explosion at Shell’s deserted Yorla oil discipline causes one other main oil spill.
April 2006
Ogoni individuals report an oil spill from a broken pipeline owned by Shell.
August 28, 2008
The primary of two huge oil spills happens within the Bodo group attributable to a fault within the Trans-Niger Pipeline. The leak goes on for at the very least 4 weeks. Shell says 1,640 barrels of oil had been spilled however specialists estimate the leak to be almost 3 times that – as a lot as 4,000 barrels.
December 7, 2008
A second spill happens within the Bodo group.
February 2009
Ten weeks after the second Bodo spill, between February 19 and 21, Nigeria’s NOSDRA, Shell and the Bodo group go on a joint investigation go to. Afterwards, Shell says the spill was attributable to gear failure attributable to pure corrosion.
April 12, 2009
Fireplace and a spill on the Bomu manifold trigger oil to circulate into the swamp. The manifold is a junction the place a number of Shell pipelines meet in Kegbara Dere, Ogoniland. The fireplace burns for 36 hours.
November 30, 2009
On the Nigerian authorities’s request, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) launches an evaluation of the influence of contamination from oil throughout the Ogoni area.
August 2011
UNEP publishes a report on the environmental influence of oil business operations in Ogoniland, displaying widespread contamination of soil and groundwater and recommending a complete cleanup of affected areas.
August 2011
After a category motion swimsuit within the UK, Shell accepts accountability for the double rupture of the Bodo-Bonny Trans-Niger Pipeline that triggered two huge oil spills in Bodo. The Trans-Niger carries as much as 180,000 barrels of oil a day by way of the group.
Might 7, 2012
A spill happens in Kegbara-Dere, about 200 metres (650 toes) from the Bomu manifold.
February 1, 2013
The Senate Committee on Atmosphere and Ecology meets with Shell Petroleum Improvement Firm of Nigeria (SPDC) over the environmental degradation of Ogoniland.
June 2013
An explosion happens at a Shell pipeline, spilling 6,000 barrels of crude oil into the creeks and waterways of Bodo. The Ogoni individuals vow to not enable oil exploration to renew within the space till situations addressing challenges of environmental air pollution are met.
November 13, 2014
As revealed by Amnesty Worldwide, court docket paperwork present Shell repeatedly made false claims concerning the dimension and influence of the 2 oil spills in Bodo in 2008.
November 3, 2015
Forty-five years after an oil spill at Bomu, researchers discover blackened soil and layers of oil on the water regardless of Shell’s claims to have remediated the positioning twice in 1975 and 2012.
June 2, 2016
Nigeria’s Vice President Yemi Osinbajo launches the Ogoni cleanup, alongside UN Deputy Secretary-Common Amina Mohammed, then the nation’s atmosphere minister.
March 25, 2017
Shell agrees to wash up Bodo, which was affected by two spills in 2008.
July 26, 2017
The UN pledges continued assist for the execution of the Ogoni cleanup.
July 3, 2018
MOSOP opposes the appliance by the SPDC for the renewal of its oil mining license in Ogoniland.
January 2019
Remediation websites in Eleme, Tai, Khana and Gokana Native Authorities areas of Ogoni are handed over to 21 contractors.
April 18, 2019
Two oil spills declare two lives within the Kegbara-Dere group, in keeping with the native paper The Solar.
Might 5, 2019
An investigation by the native paper Premium Instances alleges that unqualified firms had been awarded Ogoni cleanup contracts.
October 25, 2021
Contractors answerable for the Bodo group cleanup in Ogoniland stated 2 million litres (440,000 gallons) of crude oil had been recovered from the continuing train by SPDC within the space.
July 5, 2022
A parliamentary committee summons atmosphere minister Mohammed Abdullahi and HYPREP administration over failure to wash up Ogoniland regardless of fee of $1bn for the challenge.
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