In Taliban’s Afghanistan, Hazara cousins, each blast victims who cherished to learn and study, encourage an outside library – and new readers.
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Kabul, Afghanistan – One morning in early October final yr, 16-year-old cousins Marzia and Hajar Mohammadi had been laid to relaxation subsequent to at least one one other in a distant graveyard on the outskirts of Kabul. Among the many roses on the ladies’ graves, their grieving members of the family positioned a number of of the youngsters’ favorite books – a tribute to their love of studying.
Marzia and Hajar had been among the many 53 college students killed final September in an assault on a Kaj schooling centre in Dasht-e-Barchi, a predominantly Shia Muslim and Hazara ethnic minority neighbourhood. A suicide bomber detonated his explosives in a crowded classroom amongst college students who had gathered for a apply college entrance examination. Many of the victims had been younger ladies.
Whereas no group has claimed duty for the assault, the affiliate of the ISIL (ISIS) armed group in Afghanistan, the Islamic State of Khorasan Province, ISKP (ISIS-Ok), has focused locations the place Hazaras worship, examine and work. In April 2022, explosions focused two instructional institutes attended by college students within the Dasht-e-Barchi neighbourhood, killing at the very least six individuals. The centre the place Marzia and Hajar had been killed had been attacked earlier than – in 2018, in a blast that killed greater than 40 college students. ISKP claimed duty for that assault.
Because the Taliban takeover in August 2021, ISKP has claimed duty for 13 assaults in opposition to Hazaras and is linked to at the very least three others, by which at the very least 700 individuals have been killed or injured, in response to Human Rights Watch.
A bucket record of goals
A day after Marzia and Hajar’s funeral, their heartbroken uncle, 42-year-old Zaher Modaqeq, found quite a few diaries and journals among the many women’ private results. Deeply moved by their writing, he shared some pages from Marzia’s diary on social media, together with a bucket record of issues she wished to do in life.
“My Marzia and Hajar had been such wonderful women, so totally different than others their age. I want extra individuals might have identified their willpower,” Zaher mirrored. “They may have impressed many, I consider they nonetheless can.”
Though Hajar’s mother and father didn't want to share their daughter’s writing in public, Zaher says Marzia’s entries present a glimpse into each their aspirations.
On the very high of their bucket record was assembly their favorite writer, Turkish-British novelist Elif Shafak. Different unfilled goals included visiting the Eiffel Tower in Paris and consuming a pizza in Italy. On social media, Zaher posted Marzia’s entry about purchasing for books after the Taliban takeover. And he shared how the ladies’ siblings left books on Marzia and Hajar’s graves. The posts went viral on social media and touched a nerve in a rustic which continues to lose its younger individuals to persevering with violence.
After Marzia and Hajar’s funeral, their 22 siblings returned repeatedly to the quiet, dusty, hilltop cemetery. A few week later, they discovered a number of books – largely in Persian, some in English, and all well-worn from years of studying – left behind by strangers.
The next week, there have been about two dozen books – titles by Shafak, American writer Rachel Hollis and Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist Nadia Murad.
“We all the time knew Marzia and Hajar actually cherished books,” defined 21-year-old Insiya, Hajar’s older sister and Marzia’s cousin. However after pages of Marzia’s diary had been shared on social media others discovered “how a lot they appreciated being surrounded by books, and folks honoured them with these books”.
Strangers’ books
Pages from Marzia’s diary, day by day notes she wrote to herself in neat, legible handwriting in Farsi and sometimes in English, had been shared by Zaher with Al Jazeera. Greater than half a dozen diaries – some battered notebooks, others leather-bound planners – full of lots of of entries, reveal a decided younger girl who discovered power in books amid the assaults on Hazaras, an traditionally persecuted group, and different Shia Muslim communities, and rising restrictions on ladies below the ruling Taliban.
Because the Taliban’s return to energy, it has shut down women’ secondary colleges, affecting about three million college students, restricted ladies from getting into workplaces and imposed different curbs on freedom together with requiring an in depth male family member to accompany any long-distance journey.
On August 23, 2021, a couple of week after the Taliban’s takeover, Marzia wrote, “At this time I stepped out of the home for the primary time for the reason that arrival of the Taliban … I had a sense of insecurity and dread.”
The teenager went to a bookshop and acquired The Architect’s Apprentice by Shafak, the writer Marzia and Hajar idolised. “At this time I realised how a lot I really like books,” she wrote. “I like seeing individuals’s pleasure once they see and browse books.”
As Marzia and Hajar’s siblings stumbled on extra books left behind by strangers they determined to create a small out of doors library.
One member of the family introduced out an outdated cabinet that had fallen into disuse. They cleaned and painted it vivid orange – the ladies’ favorite color.
Fatema Khairullahi, an Afghan graphic designer, made an illustration of the ladies after that they had died exhibiting them with a pine tree – an emblem of power and resilience – and shared it on social media. When the household determined to arrange the library they contacted the artist who agreed to recreate the picture as a mural within the centre of the cupboard.
In late October, the sturdy cupboard was delivered to the graveyard and positioned subsequent to the cousins’ graves. The cabinets maintain about two dozen books, protected by glass doorways that are left unlocked so the volumes may be simply accessed.
Marzia and Hajar lived in the identical family with a number of households. Books had been all the time stacked across the room they shared with their siblings.
“We made this library as a result of we all know how a lot they cherished being surrounded by books,” defined Insiya, who sat with different relations together with Zaher, on toshaks, or conventional Afghan flooring cushions, within the sparsely embellished household room of the prolonged household dwelling.
“We really feel that is making them very joyful” as studying and being round books is what they wished of their lives, she added, tearing up as she spoke. “Hajar had written in her diary, ‘I really feel so good when I'm studying. I really feel like I'm a part of that story’.”
Consistently studying
Marzia and Hajar weren't simply cousins – they had been inseparable mates. They each dreamed of changing into architects and writers just like the authors they admired.
“Most of us simply learn the books that we're alleged to learn for our college, however Hajar and Marzia had been totally different. They might learn a number of totally different books, continuously looking for extra data,” Insiya recalled with a tragic smile. “They wished to study greater than what we discovered at college.”
Each cherished fiction, stated their 28-year-old aunt Nooria, Zaher’s sister, who sat with Insiya and wore a lightweight pink gown and a loosely wrapped maroon scarf. “However they had been additionally keen on motivational books. I believe one of many causes they nonetheless had hope [after the Taliban shut down girls’ high schools shortly after returning to power] might be due to the sort of books they learn — books that inspired them to be stronger ladies, to intention greater and work for his or her objectives,” she defined.
“I'm assured these books made them stronger even in instances of adversity and restrictions. It taught them to not surrender and proceed combating for his or her objectives,” added Nooria, a medical scholar, and the primary girl within the household to graduate from college.
“When the ladies in our household discovered that a few of them would not get to go to highschool, they had been all very upset,” recalled Zaher, a tall man wearing a easy shalwar kameez.
He and Nooria gathered them one night quickly after the Taliban takeover. “I introduced them a cake and had an extended dialog with them about how they need to not surrender. I advised them they should be stronger, they should be totally different,” he stated.
“Once I learn their diary entries from these days, I noticed how motivated they had been to stand up regardless of the brand new restrictions and challenges. They wished to proceed their schooling and had hoped to take management of their future,” Nooria added.
‘No excuses’
Whereas they had been alive, the cousins hoped to attend college. With their highschool commencement delayed as a result of closures, Marzia and Hajar had been decided to press on and begin making ready for the college entrance examination, which on the time they might sit for.
In February final yr, Marzia wrote, “I've to strive more durable than yesterday and final week. … I've to decide to alter my future and my life. The one method to reach an emergency state of affairs like that is to check.”
She wrote about passing the college entrance examination as being the “first step” to securing a scholarship overseas so she might go away Afghanistan.
“I've to consider in myself and God will assist me.
Time 12:30 midnight
God!! Me and Hajar, subsequent yr this time on Feb 4, we shouldn’t be in Afghanistan.”
In an undated entry, she writes about needing to proceed her research “with or with out electrical energy”.
Of their first mock college entrance examination, Marzia and Hajar scored 50 and 51 p.c respectively. Marzia was upset. She would intention for 60 within the subsequent take a look at. “Bravo Marzia!” she wrote after she bought 61.
Zaher shared how her scores improved till she bought 82 p.c, a consequence she wished to take care of. “However then…” he stated, his voice trailing off.
“Marzia and Hajar turned to their schooling and books for options when the state of affairs bought worse. Even when it felt like there was no hope of college, and a few individuals had been saying women may not even be allowed to sit down for the doorway exams, they nonetheless continued to check, learn and study on their very own,” stated Marzia’s older sister, 23-year-old Parwana. “They impressed us.”
However not all the pieces they learn helped. With the uncertainty in Afghanistan, 50 pages into the account of Yazidi activist Nadia Murad about surviving seize and enslavement by ISIL, Marzia remarked in her diary that she didn't have the “persistence for it” and put the ebook away earlier than later finishing it.
In late 2022, just some months after they had been killed, the Taliban banned ladies from college. In January, the Taliban ordered personal universities to not permit feminine college students to sit down for upcoming entrance exams.
‘Quite a lot of ache’
Even earlier than the Taliban restrictions, it was not simple for the ladies in Marzia and Hajar’s household to entry schooling. “We needed to wrestle for it,” Nooria stated.
“Our mother and father are illiterate and so they didn’t perceive the significance of equality; the boys had been valued greater than the ladies,” defined Insiya, sharing how she and Hajar’s eldest sister stopped going to highschool after her marriage as a youngster. “However since then now we have been combating these traditions and progressively altering views of the elders within the household in the direction of educating women,” she continued, referring to the various conversations that Zaher and others needed to persuade older relations to permit ladies within the household to check.
“We dwell in a society the place such change is difficult, however Marzia and Hajar’s mother and father actually got here round to the concept and had been totally supporting their daughters’ schooling,” stated Nooria.
At this time, their mother and father and the remainder of the household are nonetheless grappling with their loss.
“There may be loads of ache,” Parwana stated, pausing briefly to carry again her tears. She took a deep breath and continued. “However constructing this area, this small room for them, has given us the chance to channel our harm in a method that will make Marzia and Hajar proud.”
Zaher chokes again tears whereas talking about his nieces, repeating how “distinctive” they had been.
When the Taliban retook energy in 2021 there was a mass exodus of Afghans, notably these prone to persecution.
Zaher stated the household selected to remain to play their half in shaping a brighter future and peaceable society in Afghanistan.
“This is the reason we stayed, so we and our kids like Marzia and Hajar, could possibly be catalysts for change,” he stated.
Now he solely hopes that the reminiscence of his nieces can encourage some constructive change in the case of women’ schooling.
Inspiring new readers
The graveyard library on the town outskirts will not be simple to entry – it may well solely be reached by automotive – and as such, has not acquired many guests. The library’s assortment is slowly rising.
“However the response to it has been overwhelming, as a result of many individuals at the moment are speaking concerning the significance of studying and schooling, the values that Marzia and Hajar strongly believed in,” Insiya mirrored. She recalled how an older neighbour visited the graveyard and returned with one of many motivational books from the library.
“She got here to our home later saying that she was impressed and wished to learn and study extra.”
In February, the household arrange one other small cabinet library with about 30 donated books – largely novels together with Marzia and Hajar’s favorite titles – in a main college of their village in Ghazni province.
The household hopes to ultimately arrange bigger libraries in reminiscence of the cousins in Kabul and different Afghan cities. “It was Marzia and Hajar’s imaginative and prescient for all Afghan women to have the ability to proceed their studying, even when they'll’t go to highschool,” stated Nooria. “For now, this library is an emblem of that message.”
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