Timeline: Five years of Rohingya refugee crisis

August 25 marks the fifth anniversary of the navy crackdown that the UN stated was carried out with ‘genocidal intent’.

An elderly Rohingya refugee waits in the aid distribution line in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
An aged Rohingya refugee waits within the support distribution line in Kutupalong-Balukali refugee camp, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh [File: Showkat Shafi/Al Jazeera]

Myanmar’s navy launched a ferocious crackdown in opposition to the nation’s largely Muslim Rohingya in 2017, driving greater than 740,000 refugees into neighbouring Bangladesh.

August 25 marks the fifth anniversary of the navy crackdown that a United Nations report discovered was carried out with “genocidal intent”.

Listed here are the important thing dates within the five-year disaster:

Military operations

On August 25, 2017, a shadowy Rohingya armed group, known as the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Military (ARSA), phases coordinated assaults on dozens of police posts in Myanmar’s coastal Rakhine state, killing a minimum of a dozen officers.

The military retaliates with operations in Rohingya villages, ostensibly to flush out ARSA members. It says it killed 400 armed fighters however critics say a lot of the lifeless are civilians.

The United Nations says a minimum of 1,000 individuals had been killed within the first two weeks of the navy operations.

Refugee exodus

By September 5, 2017, greater than 120,000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh, overwhelming its ill-equipped refugee camps.

There are already a minimum of 200,000 Rohingya in Bangladesh from earlier waves of violence.

Aung San Suu Kyi breaks silence

Worldwide anger mounts in opposition to Myanmar. Troopers are accused of razing Rohingya houses and a few world leaders allege “ethnic cleaning”.

In her first assertion on the disaster, Myanmar’s civilian chief and Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi pledges on September 19, 2017 to carry rights violators to account however refuses in charge the military.

Doable ‘genocide’

Bangladesh and Myanmar on November 23, 2017 agree to start out repatriating refugees.

However the UN Excessive Commissioner for Refugees says situations will not be in place for his or her protected return and the method halts.

UN human rights chief Zeid Ra’advert al-Hussein on December 5 warns of doable “parts of genocide” and requires a world investigation.

Courts and sanctions

On August 25, 2018, tens of hundreds of Rohingya refugees stage protests to mark the primary anniversary of their exodus.

UN investigators name for the prosecution of Myanmar’s military chief and 5 different prime navy commanders for genocide, crimes in opposition to humanity and struggle crimes.

In November, an try and repatriate 2,260 Rohingya fails as they refuse to depart with out ensures for his or her security.

Reporters jailed

On September 3, 2018, two journalists of Reuters information company, accused of breaching Myanmar’s state secrets and techniques regulation whereas reporting on a Rohingya bloodbath, are jailed for seven years.

They go on to spend greater than 500 days behind bars earlier than being launched on a presidential pardon.

US sanctions

On July 16, 2019, Washington proclaims sanctions in opposition to Myanmar’s military chief and three different prime officers.

About 3,500 Rohingya refugees are cleared to return residence however nobody turns as much as make the journey on August 22.

Authorized challenges mount

On November 11, 2019, The Gambia recordsdata a lawsuit on the Worldwide Court docket of Justice (ICJ) accusing Myanmar of genocide over its therapy of the Rohingya.

Three days later, The Hague-based Worldwide Legal Court docket (ICC) approves a full investigation into the persecution of the Rohingya.

In the identical week, a 3rd case is filed by rights teams in Argentina below the precept of common jurisdiction.

Aung San Suu Kyi in court docket

On December 11, The Gambia lays out its case on the ICJ with Aung San Suu Kyi personally main Myanmar’s defence.

She refutes accusations of genocide, denying “deceptive and incomplete” claims and insisting Myanmar is coping with an “inside armed battle”.

She admits the military could have used extreme power.

Court docket ruling

Delivering its ruling on January 23, 2020, the ICJ orders Myanmar to take pressing steps to forestall alleged genocide and to report again inside 4 months.

Coup d’etat

Myanmar’s navy seizes energy on February 1, 2021, deposing the civilian authorities and later waging a bloody crackdown on dissent.

Aung San Suu Kyi is put below home arrest and later jailed for 17 years following a closed-door trial in a navy court docket.

With a number of prices nonetheless hanging over her, the 77-year-old faces the potential of lengthier sentences.

US calls genocide

The USA on March 21, 2022 formally declares the 2017 violence amounted to genocide, saying there was clear proof of an try and “destroy” the Rohingya.

The ICJ guidelines on July 22 that the case filed by The Gambia can proceed.

In the identical month, the navy authorities executes 4 prisoners, the nation’s first use of capital punishment in many years.

Camp killings

On August 10 this 12 months, two Rohingya neighborhood leaders are shot lifeless in one of many refugee camps in Bangladesh, the newest in a string of killings within the settlements.

Rohingya sources inform the AFP information company that ARSA was behind the killings.

The ARSA is accused of working narcotics, murdering political opponents and instilling a local weather of concern within the camps.

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